Hermodr in Hel: An Exploration of a Norse Mythological Character
Hermod (pronounced “HAIR-mode”; derived from Old Norse Hermóðr) is a lesser-known character within the rich tapestry of Norse mythology. The precise interpretation and origin of his name remain subjects of discussion, potentially deriving from hermaðr, meaning “warrior,” or signifying “fury of war” (combining herr, meaning “army,” and móðr, translating to “excitement, wrath, or passion”).
The most notable account of Hermod can be traced back to the Prose Edda, authored by medieval Icelander Snorri Sturluson. Here, he embarks on a poignant journey to the underworld aboard Sleipnir, Odin’s horse. His mission is to persuade Hel, the goddess of death, to return his brother Baldur to life. Unfortunately, his efforts are in vain. For a deeper understanding of the context, one can refer to the narrative concerning Baldur’s demise.
While Snorri’s rendition is the most cited, it is largely unsupported by external documentation, warranting a careful examination of its credibility. That said, it is reasonable to assume that Snorri had access to lost sources as he recounted the events surrounding Baldur’s death and Hermod’s expedition to Hel. The depth and completeness of Snorri’s portrayal suggest that it wasn’t simply the product of his imagination but rather built upon earlier, albeit now inaccessible, traditions. Moreover, Hermod’s journey mirrors numerous underworld voyages depicted in Old Norse literature, aligning closely in structure and details with other tales in this genre.
Hermod also receives sporadic mentions in various pieces of Germanic literature. In the Hyndluljóð, part of the Poetic Edda, there is a segment celebrating Odin, where he is noted to have provided Hermod and the human hero Sigmund with weapons and armor. In this instance, Hermod is depicted as a human hero, diverging from Snorri’s portrayal of him as a god.
Additionally, in the skaldic poem Hákonarmál, Hermod and a figure named “Bragi” welcome slain warriors entering Valhalla. It remains ambiguous whether this “Bragi” refers to the deity Bragi or the human poet Bragi Boddason, further complicating the classification of Hermod as either a god or a human hero.
Curiously, Old English genealogies often mention a Heremod as a lineage of Wodan (associated with Odin). The epic poem Beowulf also references a king named Heremod, known for his long and challenging odysseys during exile, perhaps linking him back to the theme of Hermod’s fateful descent into Hel.
Hermod’s association with warfare and themes of shamanism – as illustrated by his travels between realms – suggests that he may not be entirely independent from Odin. The narrative parallels between Hermod and Odin imply that he may be viewed as an extension of the god rather than a wholly separate figure. Old Norse literature frequently showcases other characters with similar ties to Odin, supporting this interpretation.
Nonetheless, this perspective leaves some inquiries unresolved. The scant references to Hermod in primary texts limit definitive conclusions. It raises the possibility that there was an alternate tradition portraying him either as a human or semi-divine hero, or that references to Hermod might relate to another entity sharing only a name. Ultimately, the close association with Odin, reflected through shared traits and memorable actions, remains the clearest understanding we can take from the narratives surrounding Hermod.
For expansive insights into Norse mythology and its religious context, there are various resources available. Within this arena, The Viking Spirit serves as a comprehensive guide to Norse mythology, addressing many facets of this enthralling subject matter.
