The rich tapestry of Irish and Welsh mythology features a myriad of enigmatic characters, among which Arawn stands out. Despite the erosion of many narratives through the ages, Arawn’s tale persists, offering a glimpse into the realms of Celtic and Welsh folklore.
What is Arawn the God Of?
Arawn is often referred to as a god, but in reality, he is more accurately described as a king overseeing Annwn, one of the mystical realms in Celtic mythology. His legacy is intertwined with notions of justice and authority, ruling Annwn with a stern approach and ensuring those who dare to rebel face severe consequences.
His essence lived on through a notable line from Cardigan’s beliefs:
“Hir yw’r dydd a hir yw’r nos, a hir yw aros Arawn.”
This translates to:
“Long is the day, and long is the night, And long is the waiting of Arawn.”
This phrase evokes the feeling of time stretching while one waits in the Otherworld, a realm where time’s flow differs strikingly from that of the living.
In the Name: What Does Arawn Mean?
The precise origins of Arawn’s name are subject to debate. Some speculate that it might relate to the common modern name “Aaron,” which comes from Hellenized Hebrew meaning “exalted.”
Additionally, it has been suggested that “Arawn” could derive from ancient Egyptian terminology, such as “aha rw,” meaning “warrior lion.” There is also the possibility that it connects with Aaru, known as the “Field of Reeds,” a paradise in Egyptian myth for souls after death, echoing some characteristics of Annwn, the abode for spirits.
Meet the Family
Details of Arawn’s family are nebulous—similar to a misty morning in Wales. References from Welsh mythology suggest he may have an unnamed queen, depicted with either deep admiration for Arawn or, in contrasting tales, seeking to usurp him. Additionally, some narratives introduce a sister named Gwyneth, married to Gwydion, another figure in Welsh lore. This family dynamic adds vibrant speculation about their connections and interactions.
Arawn’s Symbols
Symbols emblematic of Arawn would likely serve as extensions of his essence and authority.
- Hounds: In several cultures, dogs symbolize death. In Welsh belief, Arawn’s hounds, associated with him, embody a linkage to the afterlife. Historically, dogs were hunters, which could translate into hunting souls crossing into the next realm.
- Stags: Representing nature and protection, the stag could signify Arawn’s dominion and symbolize the journeys of souls.
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Underworld: The portrayal of Annwn resonates with Greek mythological undertones, presenting a realm shrouded in overpowering mystery, reflecting transformation and the cycle of life and death.
Annwn, the Otherworld
Central to Arawn’s identity is Annwn, his domain characterized by untouched joy and bounty, free from disease. This enchanting land is either found deep beneath the earth or on an isolated island surrounded by endless seas. Its vivid imagination has inspired writers, including J.R.R. Tolkien, who integrated elements of Annwn into his own world.
Arawn in the Branches of the Mabinogi
The Mabinogion, an ancient composition of Welsh prose, recounts tales that may trace back to older traditions. One prominent story involves Arawn and Pwyll, the Prince of Dyfed.
Pwyll Stumbles Into Annwn
Pwyll’s adventure begins as he accidentally enters Annwn, coming upon snow-white hounds indulging in a feast from a fallen stag. His intrusion prompts Arawn to summon him and confront him for disturbing his hounds.
Arawn’s Pact
Rather than exacting immediate punishment, Arawn proposes a mutually beneficial arrangement: Pwyll would take Arawn’s form for one year and defeat Arawn’s long-standing adversary, Hafgan. This unique swap leaves Arawn in Dyfed while Pwyll takes on his duties.
Arawn’s Warning and Pwyll’s Victory
Before sending Pwyll off to battle Hafgan, Arawn warns not to leave Hafgan alive, fearing it could jeopardize Pwyll’s reign. Against overwhelming odds, Pwyll emerges triumphant, ultimately ensuring that Hafgan’s followers abandon him, affirming Pwyll’s rule.
Best Friends Forever?
The peculiar camaraderie evolves as both Pwyll and Arawn embrace their new lives, sharing an unexpected bond. Notably, a romantic liaison emerges between Pwyll and Arawn’s queen, a situation that strangely strengthens their friendship rather than sours it.
Arawn Disappears From the Mabinogi
Arawn’s narrative seems to wane in the ensuing tales, retreating into obscurity until a brief reappearance in the Fourth Branch through Pwyll’s son, Pryderi.
The Hounds of Arawn
Known as Cŵn Annwn, these hounds are thought to roam the skies, pursuing lost spirits with haunting cries. Over time, Christian interpretations transformed them into agents of punishment, merging folklore with evolving beliefs.
Arawn’s Role in Mythology
Arawn serves as a catalyst in Pwyll’s tale, albeit as a supporting figure that enriches the story and heightens its complexity.
Legacy of Arawn
Arawn has left his mark within modern narratives, including children’s fantasy literature that showcases a more adversarial aspect of his character. His legacy endures in various forms, from celestial bodies named after him to continued relevance in mythological discussions.
Conclusion
While often categorized as a deity of the underworld or a figure of death, Arawn’s identity transcends these confines. He embodies kingship and mastery over the otherworldly domains, holding a unique position of power and grace over what lies beyond mortal existence.
