Neptune: A Unique Celtic Perspective
On the first day of December, aligning with the new moon, the Romans engaged in offerings to Neptune—a fascinating observance given that this deity was not particularly revered in Rome, yet commanded attention through his biannual festivals. It is noteworthy that sailors typically favored Poseidon, the Greek counterpart of Neptune.
Neptune’s etymology finds its roots in various ancient cultures, such as Gaelic Nechtan, Brythonic Nodens, Nudd, and Llud. They trace back to the Proto-Indo-European god Xákwōm Népōt, or Neptonos, who is believed to have presided over a miraculous well of fiery water, often linked to themes of magic, wisdom, poetry, and prophecy in medieval Irish text. His name can be interpreted as “close relative in water,” but likely signifies “God Dwelling in Water,” representing the fiery water emerging from Underworld springs. This deity also relates to the thought of consuming divine drinks, like Nekter, which symbolizes “overcoming death.” Across Indo-European lore, drinks symbolizing immortality and wisdom appear prominently, from the Ale created by Goibniu in Ireland to the honeyed ale consumed by the Irish king during ceremonial rites.
For those interested in organizing worship for Celtic deities lacking specific festivals, the Roman Imperial calendar could provide a structured approach. The Romans’ extensive conquest across Celtic lands led to the blending of indigenous practices with Roman traditions. Notably, during this cultural intersection, many Celts adopted Roman gods alongside their own. Though initially, these adoptions were complex, evolving relationships allowed for the development of new Celtic cults over generations. Since deities like Xákwōm Népōt share common origins, their significance can be harmonized within the Celtic context.
Key Deities Associated with Neptune
Nechtan (Pronounced: NEK-tan)
Nechtan embodies the Gaelic caretaker of the Well of Wisdom. His domain features nine hazel trees flourishing with fruits simultaneously, symbolizing profound knowledge. Interaction with the water, consuming hazelnuts from the well, or feasting on a salmon that has feasted on these hazelnuts empowers one with all-encompassing wisdom. Residing in the Otherworldly Síd Nechtain, Nechtan and his three female cup-bearers are the only ones permitted sheltered access to the well, which holds intricate roles in safeguarding royal hospitality from acts of poisoning. Nechtan is frequently recognized as the spouse of Boann.
The well appears throughout various narratives under multiple names, such as Connla’s Well and the Well of Segais. The famed poet William Butler Yeats experienced a trance while near the well, describing it as filled with “waters of emotion and passion,” capturing the essence of cleansed souls interwoven in its magic.
Invocation to Nechtan by Heather Awen
He of the shining waters that spring from the earth,
He who is the fountain that arises filled with imbas,
He from where all rivers begin,
Nechtan, Nechtan, Nechtan, God of the holy well,
May you sense my call.
So crucial are you to the Celtic soul,
You fill the prophet’s head.
Hazelnuts fall, ancient salmon return to spawn,
For you are the source of it all.
Boann (Pronounced: BO-an)
Boann, regarded as the mother of the illustrious Aengus, is a prominent figure among the Tuatha De Danann and symbolizes abundance through her association with the sacred white cow. The rarity of white animals in various cultures often elevates their status. Interpretations of Boann’s relationships vary; some consider her married to Elcmar residing in the sid of Newgrange, while others deem Nechtan to be her true partner. Despite her loyalty as a wife, the Dagda’s passion for Boann led to their union, resulting in a clandestine affair.
In her pursuit of absolution, Boann approached the Well of Wisdom, yet diverged from the appropriate ceremonial manner. The repercussions of her actions unleashed the waters of the well, culminating in a transformation that birthed the River Boyne, a significant waterway nourishing the land of Tara—a representation of Boann’s essence.
Nodens (Pronounced: NO-dense)
Nodens serves as an ancient Brythonic god linked with the sea, hunting, and healing. His role has connections to the Old Irish Nuada as well. During Roman influence in Britain, a significant temple dedicated to Nodens emerged in Lydney Park, providing a revered location for healing and reverence along the Severn River. Pilgrims flocked here to seek cures through dreams where Nodens would impart wisdom for recovery.
Nudd and Llud
Nudd and Llud are later incarnations of Nodens known from the Mabinogi cycle. Nudd is recognized as the progenitor of Gwyn ap Nudd, the ruler of Annwn, while Llud is associated with Gwyn’s beloved, Creiddylad. Their narratives intertwine, enriching the tapestry of Celtic mythology.
Nuada (Pronounced: NOO-adh-a)
Nuada, an early leader of the Tuatha De Danann, wields a legendary sword bestowing victory and was known widely across Irish lore. His compelling journey includes the loss of an arm during battle, subsequently replaced by a silver limb constructed by the deities, marking him as Nuada Airgetlamh, or Nuada of the Silver Hand. His layered identity unfolds further connections to healing wisdom, indicative of the multifaceted nature of Celtic deities.
Prayer to Nuada for Accepting Loss by Heather Awen
Once like you, old king of Danu’s children, I held power,
More than I do today.
Once like you, silver-armed Nuada, I had freedom,
More than I do today.
I pray to you, first king from the north, ancient leader of the Gods,
To have acceptance of my current situation,
Not to let it take my identity.
(Do we hear the Morrigan’s caw, and does that make you smile?…)
Ritual Elements in Honoring the Deities
For those interested in performing rituals, especially during late November, it is important to set up an atmosphere conducive to purification. A fast may include abstaining from meat or alcohol while preparing a sacred site that honors these deities.
Ideal offerings may comprise representations of aquatic life and sacred items symbolizing the interconnections to the divine. The purity of the ritual space and offerings is vital, as echoes of ancient associations with water and well-being persist in this practice.
By embracing these traditions, one can foster a deeper connection with the Celtic gods and explore the ongoing relevance of these age-old mythologies.
