Neith and the Birth of Creation in Ancient Egypt
We are excited to have Egyptologist Dr. Edward Scrivens from The Egypt Exploration Society join our 14-day journey, “Queens and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt.” This remarkable tour delves into ancient Egyptian history through the lens of powerful women who wielded influence. To set the stage, Dr. Scrivens begins with the intriguing story of Neith, the goddess credited with the creation of the universe.
Creation Myths of Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt is rich with creation myths that have evolved over its extensive history of three millennia. These myths served a significant function by empowering rituals; they were often narratives intertwined with symbolism that gave context to rites and their desired outcomes. An example of this is the myth where the goddess Isis expels poison from her son Horus, which underlines healing rituals associated with venomous bites.
The Male-Centric Narratives
Traditionally, many creation myths in this civilization highlighted male deities as central figures. For instance, the “Heliopolitan account” attributes the creation of the gods and the cosmos to the sun god Atum, who emerged from his own essence. The “Memphite account” credits Ptah, who conceived creation in his heart and articulated it into existence. While some narratives featured feminine aspects—such as Atum’s hand being personified as a goddess—these deities often played supporting rather than leading roles. Neith stands out as an exception in this landscape.
Neith: A Unique Goddess
Neith, a deity with deep associations to warfare, hunting, the primeval waters, and weaving, is one of the most ancient goddesses in the Egyptian pantheon. Her name, possibly meaning “The Terrifying One,” appears in artifacts tracing back to the earliest Egyptian dynasties. She played a significant role in the lives of Egypt’s early rulers, as evidenced by figures like Queen Meritneith, who honored the goddess through her name. Throughout the ages of Egyptian history, despite the rise and fall of other deities, Neith’s influence remained robust, from the inception of pharaonic Egypt until its decline.
The Creation Myth of Neith
The creation myth involving Neith is preserved in inscriptions from the Graeco-Roman temple at Esna. It narrates the emergence of Neith from the vast dark waters known as the Nun. She first embodies the cow goddess Mehet-Weret, symbolizing the life-giving flood waters. Subsequently, taking the form of a sacred fish, Neith illuminates her eyes to bring light into the primordial darkness of existence.
Neith is credited with raising the mound of creation from the Nun through her divine speech, manifesting creation in two significant locations—Esna and Sais, her northern cult center. She continually manifests creation through her heart’s concepts, forming sacred spaces across Egypt along with a retinue of deities to accompany her.
The myth further details her role in birthing the sun god Ra, designed as part of her creation narrative. By announcing Ra’s emergence, she nurtures his integration into the cosmos, with Ra’s joyous tears giving rise to humanity, while his spittle leads to the birth of the other gods.
In a notable conclusion to this myth, Neith invites Ra to journey northward to Sais, carrying him upon her back in the form of a cow, echoing representations of cow goddesses in Egyptian art that encircle a sun disk.
The Significance of Neith in Egyptian Lore
Though this myth specifically pertains to Esna and originates in Egypt’s later periods, Neith’s creative agency is echoed in earlier times. In the tale known as “The Contendings of Horus and Seth,” gods appeal to Neith for judgment over the rightful ruler of the land, illustrating her esteemed position. Her instruction, favoring Horus and warning against Seth, underscores her authority, implying she possesses the power to reverse creation—a notion that suggests her significance dates back far beyond the Graeco-Roman era.
A Lasting Influence
Neith’s presence and power were undeniable throughout the history of ancient Egypt. Her importance, although fluctuating on the national stage, never diminished; she remained one of the foremost goddesses, with contributions to the very fabric of existence.
Join us on this venture to see Neith and other formidable feminine forces who shaped the Nile’s history in our Queens and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt tour. We have meticulously crafted experiences that unveil Egypt’s captivating wonders, promising an unforgettable journey.
