Abarta stands as a prominent figure within Celtic mythology, identified as a formidable god associated with both death and warfare. Recognized as one of the mightiest deities in the Irish pantheon, he ranks just below the Dagda in terms of power. The etymology of his name is often interpreted to mean “bringer of death” or “brother of death.” Some scholars suggest a possible correlation between Abarta and the Roman god of war, Mars, enhancing his stature as a warrior deity. Although documentation of Abarta is scarce, it is believed he was venerated across various regions of Ireland. There exists speculation connecting him to the Norse god Odin, who similarly represents death with his spear. Common depictions show Abarta as an elderly figure, characterized by his long white hair and beard, wrapped in a green cloak.
Who is Abarta?
For those intrigued by the intricate narratives surrounding Ireland’s ancient Druidic deities, further exploration into Abarta’s tale is beneficial. In certain versions of Irish mythology, he is noted as the progenitor of the Dagda. Abarta, sometimes referred to as Ábartach, which may translate to “doer of deeds,” is ambiguously categorized as either a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann or linked to the Fomorians alongside the legendary hero Fionn mac Cumhaill.
What does his name signify?
The nomenclature of Abarta can be interpreted in two ways. It can signify “hearth” or alternatively “white” or “elder.” These meanings intertwine in representing him, and his name is frequently regarded as analogous to that of Odin. His presence is more markedly felt in Scotland, where he is titled the “Lord of Evil” or “Lord of War.” Here, he is traditionally perceived as a rival to the spirits of the deceased, perceived as a ruler of the underworld and an oracle of future events.
Insights into his cult in Scotland
Scotland seems to have retained a multitude of traditions revolving around demon worship, although much of the religious practices have been obscured over time. Nevertheless, it is acknowledged that Abarta held significant importance among the Pictish tribes inhabiting the area.
Additional titles or names associated with Abarta
Another notable figure is Cian, the Naming God of the Tuatha Dé Danann. Cian, the Dagda’s progeny and associated with the goddess Brigid, is revered among Irish druids as a benevolent leader who aids those striving for spiritual ascension, known for possessing the ability to heal various ailments. His titles also include St. Cian, recognized as “The Most Honorable Druid,” who led a life of simplicity while fostering tranquility among followers across Ireland. His feast is celebrated on March 3rd. Additionally, Cu Chulainn, acknowledged as the Young Warrior, is celebrated as a Celtic god associated with warfare, known for being the son of the Nynos of Aisling and Aithusa, and for wielding healing powers.
How was Abarta revered, and what symbols are attributed to him?
Abarta is frequently illustrated wielding a spear known as the ‘white spear,’ used for its sacrificial connotations, able to draw blood. Consumption of meat from a white pike is believed to confer healing from ailments. In European customs, it was common to suspend a wooden plank or bark, laden with offerings like bread, fruits, nuts, or even apples and oranges, symbolizing wellness. On St. Abb’s Day, a ritual involving the looping of a white or blue ribbon around a tree root was observed. In Irish belief, Abarta shared his life with several goddesses known collectively as the Nuns and was father to two daughters: Ceitlin and Raine.
Conclusion
The rich tapestry of Celtic mythology reveals a myriad of formidable deities, yet Abarta stands out among the revered gods of ancient Ireland. While these deities exhibit unique characteristics, they are unified by their inherent tendency toward violence, which is portrayed as essential for maintaining cosmic balance. The ancient Irish gods, often shrouded in obscurity, remind us of their formidable and treacherous nature that many might never come to fully comprehend.
