The Celtic deity Belenus was revered across many regions during his era. Shrines dedicated to him were uncovered throughout Europe, and records from the 3rd Century identify him as the patron god of the Italian city, Aquileia. His worship also extended to England, where the title of the Celtic King Cunobeline, who governed a significant portion of South-East England in Pre-Roman times, translates to ‘Hound of Belenus.’
Belenus is known by several names; it is speculated that the name originates from the Latin version of Beli. Other historical names linked to the same deity include Bel, Belen, Belinus, Belenos, and Bellinus. The interpretation of his name often points to meanings such as ‘Bright One’ or ‘Shining One,’ derived from the root ‘bhel,’ translating to ‘to shine.’ This reinforces the perception of him as a solar figure. However, alternative theories suggest that his name might also trace back to a Proto-Celtic term associated with ‘source’ or ‘well,’ indicating a connection to healing springs.
While many regard Belenus unequivocally as a sun god, some sources argue that, although aligned with light, there is insufficient evidence to classify him as such. Nonetheless, a model of a horse and chariot bearing a sun-disc discovered in Denmark is thought to signify Belenus, lending credence to the solar deity theory. Personally, my meditative experiences with him resonate deeply with the notion of him embodying solar energy, making it challenging for me to accept any contrary views.
Legend has it that Belenus guided the sun across the firmament in his chariot drawn by horses. Clay horse figurines have been uncovered at shrines erected in his honor. The wheel is another emblem frequently associated with him. Additional artistic depictions present him as riding a horse, casting lightning, and wielding his wheel in defense. As a sun deity, he may also symbolize a warrior and is typically regarded as a guardian figure. Historical accounts from the siege of Aquileia by Emperor Maximus recount Roman soldiers observing what they believed to be an image of Belenus in the heavens, protecting the city.
Furthermore, the celebration of Beltane, a fire festival linked to Belenus, involved farmers passing their cattle through flames to purify and safeguard them before being released into the fields for the summer.
The wheel not only symbolizes time but also signifies healing, akin to the medicine wheel. This dual symbolism aligns with Belenus’s characterization as a solar deity and possibly a healing god. The conjecture surrounding his name’s connection to wells and springs reinforces this healing association. His identity is often intertwined with that of the Roman god Apollo, suggesting a comprehensive role as a god of wellness, particularly associated with healing wounds and regenerating limbs. Artifacts resembling limbs have been discovered at shrines devoted to him, likely as offerings or expressions of gratitude for favors obtained.
In my experience, Belenus also supports emotional healing, aiding those wrestling with feelings of sadness, anxiety, or melancholy. Imagining Belenus drawing upon the sun’s radiant energy has provided me comfort during challenging mental periods.
A coin dating back to 1AD illustrates Belenus as a man with a prominent mustache and large brown eyes, his hair depicted in a manner reminiscent of sun rays. A carved piece of jewelry from France showcases him as an elderly figure adorned in a tunic, embellished with solar symbols and accompanied by an inscription. Other representations often portray him alongside a female figure, believed to be the goddess Belisama.
My practice predominantly involves working with Belenus as a sun deity, integrating him into solar rituals and celebrations. As a figure likely worshipped centuries ago within my locality, I feel a personal connection with him. I suggest that meaningful offerings can include lighting candles, reciting specially crafted prayers or chants, or presenting liquid libations such as water. Although I don’t invoke him regularly beyond key celebrations and intermittent solar rituals, he remains a deity I highly recommend for those seeking solace and light in their lives.
