Banba’s Crown, situated at Malin Head in Inishowen, County Donegal, represents the most northern point of mainland Ireland (Irish: Cionn Mhálanna, Inis Eoghain, Contae Dhún na nGall). Its designation honors the goddess Banba, who is associated with Irish folklore. Legend has it that Banba is one of the three deities—alongside Ériu and Fódla—who served as protectors of the Emerald Isle. These goddesses form part of the Tuatha Dé Danann, a mythical group of pre-Christian Celtic gods noted for their extraordinary powers.
The ancient text, Lebor Gabála Érenn, which was compiled in the 11th century AD, offers a narrative regarding the history of Ireland. It recounts how the Milesians, regarded as the last settlers of Ireland, entered into conflict with the Tuatha Dé Danann. As they progressed toward Tara, a historically significant ceremonial and political site, they encountered Banba, Fódla, and Ériu atop three mountains. Each goddess requested that the land bear her name, to which Amergin, a bard and judge of the Milesians, consented. This act solidified the Milesians’ claim and right to settle in Ireland.
Upon reaching Tara, the Milesians encountered the three rulers of the Tuatha Dé Danann—Mac Cuill, Mac Cecht, and Mac Gréine. A three-day truce was established, during which the Milesians were instructed to keep nine waves away from the Irish shores. Yet, when the Milesians attempted to approach once more, the druids of the Tuatha Dé conjured a formidable magical tempest to thwart them. In response, Amergin invoked the spirit of Ireland, leading to the renowned invocation known as The Song of Amergin, which allowed them to disperse the storm and safely dock on Irish soil.
Following this, a series of battles ensued, ultimately culminating in the Milesians’ triumph, with the three leaders of the Tuatha Dé Danann meeting their demise. A subsequent arrangement was reached wherein the Milesians would inhabit the land above, while the Tuatha Dé would retreat to the “Otherworld,” entering the sídhe mounds. The commitment made to the goddesses Banba, Ériu, and Fódla was honored, as evidenced by the modern designation Éire for Ireland, derived from the ancient name of goddess Ériu. Banba and Fódla remain in use as poetic references to Ireland, further symbolizing the aspects of sovereignty tied to these legendary figures. The summit at the northernmost point of mainland Ireland continues to honor the enigmatic queen, Banba.
