Overview
In the realm of Chinese mythology, Erlang Shen (二郎神) is celebrated as a formidable warrior god, renowned for his unique third eye positioned on his forehead. As the deity associated with engineering, he stands as one of the most revered figures within the celestial hierarchy. His legendary feats include quelling devastating floods in ancient history.
Etymology
The name Erlang Shen is derived from three distinct characters: “two” (èr, 二), “boy” (láng, 郎), and “god” (shén, 神). Collectively, these characters symbolize “godly second son,” an apt designation as he is the second of three siblings born to his mother.
Attributes
Erlang Shen is easily recognized in artistic depictions by his defining attribute—his all-knowing third eye. In the renowned Chinese classic “Journey to the West,” authored by Wu Cheng’en, his portrayal is vividly described: he possesses a dignified demeanor, noble features, and long ears that touch his shoulders. His eyes shine brightly, and he adorns a three-peaked hat decorated with phoenixes. Clothed in a pale yellow robe and golden-lined boots, his outfit includes dragon motifs on his socks and an ornate jade belt embellished with eight jewels. His weapon of choice is a unique three-pointed spear.
Family
Erlang Shen’s familial connections are a topic of debate among scholars of Chinese mythology. The most widely accepted narrative suggests he is the child of a sister of the Jade Emperor (玉皇), a potent figure overseeing the realms of desire, and her love for a commoner. Other stories alter this lineage, claiming he is the son of the historical engineer Li Bing (李冰). Erlang Shen has two siblings: a brother named Yang Jiao and a sister named Yang Chan.
Mythology
As a Demigod
According to popular accounts, Erlang Shen is born of a union between an immortal woman and a mortal man. The couple is blessed with three children, including Erlang Shen. However, due to the mother’s role in regulating the relationships between gods and mortals, and her own transgressions, the Jade Emperor punishes her. He orders the execution of her eldest son along with her mortal husband, imprisoning her under Mount Tai as retribution. In an act of bravery as he matures, Erlang Shen wields his mighty spear to split the mountain and free his mother. In other versions, his journey leads him to the underworld where he confronts demons tormenting her, throwing lightning strikes to rescue her, ultimately serving as a moral warning to young children about obedience.
As the Son of an Engineer
In ancient myths, Erlang Shen serves as the pivotal figure in combating the Min River’s destructive flooding that plagued Dujiangyan City. The local populace enlists the expertise of his father, engineer Li Bing, to devise a solution. Despite Erlang Shen’s extensive explorations of the river, the cause of the floods remains elusive. One day, while journeying, he encounters a sorrowful old woman on the riverbanks, mourning the impending sacrifice of her grandchild to a malevolent river dragon. Demonstrating his courage, Erlang Shen offers to substitute himself for the child. As the dragon emerges for its tribute, Erlang Shen reveals himself, and, with the assistance of the old woman who restrains the dragon, he utilizes his spear to vanquish the creature, restoring tranquility to the region.
Pop Culture
Erlang Shen continues to influence modern culture, playing significant roles in quintessential Chinese literature such as the “Journey to the West” and “Investiture of the Gods” (封神演义). He is also featured in contemporary animated films like “Lotus Lantern” and numerous Chinese television adaptations, including modern renditions of both pivotal tales.
